Frontend Actions

Let the agent act on the app

A frontend action is a tool the agent calls that runs code in the browser instead of on the server. The model decides to invoke it; your handler switches the theme, navigates, highlights an element, or updates your app data; and the result flows back to the agent. It uses the same hook as tool-based generative UI, useFrontendTool. The difference is what you give it: a handler that runs code, instead of (or alongside) a render that draws UI.

Frontend actions work with both Crews and Flows. Any agent that binds copilotkit.actions into its LLM call can invoke them.

Build a frontend action

The example below lets the agent switch the app into dark mode on request.

Call useFrontendTool with a handler. The handler runs in the browser when the agent invokes the tool, and the string it returns is fed back to the agent.

"use client";
import { useFrontendTool } from "@copilotkit/react-core/v2";
import { z } from "zod";

useFrontendTool({
  agentId: "assistant",
  name: "set_theme",
  description: "Switch the app between light and dark mode.",
  parameters: z.object({
    theme: z.enum(["light", "dark"]),
  }),
  followUp: false,
  handler: async ({ theme }) => {
    document.documentElement.dataset.theme = theme; // runs in the browser
    return `Theme set to ${theme}.`;
  },
});

The arguments:

name — the tool name the model calls (set_theme).
description — a short explanation of what the tool does. The model reads it to decide when to call the tool, so make it specific. Omitting it leaves the model guessing from the name alone.
parameters — a zod schema describing the arguments the model must supply. CopilotKit turns this into the tool’s JSON schema and validates the incoming call.
handler(args) — runs in the browser with the parsed arguments. Do your side effect here (set the theme, navigate, update state). The string you return is handed back to the agent as the tool result.
followUp: false — stops the agent from taking another turn after the action runs. Leave it out (or set true) when you want the agent to respond after acting.

Bind the frontend tools on the backend

The agent can only call a tool it has been given. In your Flow, pass the frontend-registered tools into the LLM tools list with *self.state.copilotkit.actions.

from crewai.flow.flow import Flow, start
from litellm import acompletion
from ag_ui_crewai.sdk import copilotkit_stream, CopilotKitState

class AssistantFlow(Flow[CopilotKitState]):
    @start()
    async def chat(self):
        response = await copilotkit_stream(
            await acompletion(
                model="openai/gpt-4o",
                messages=[
                    {"role": "system", "content": "Help the user. Use the tools available to control the app."},
                    *self.state.messages,
                ],
                tools=[*self.state.copilotkit.actions],  # tools the frontend registered
                parallel_tool_calls=False,
                stream=True,
            )
        )
        message = response.choices[0].message
        self.state.messages.append(message)

self.state.copilotkit.actions holds the tool definitions for every frontend action registered with useFrontendTool. Spreading them into the LLM tools list is what makes the agent able to invoke browser-side actions. copilotkit_stream streams the response, including the tool call, back to the frontend, where CopilotKit runs the matching handler.

Serve the Flow

Expose the Flow over AG-UI with add_crewai_flow_fastapi_endpoint(...) and register it in the CopilotKit runtime, exactly as in the Frontend Overview. Once both are running, asking the assistant to “switch to dark mode” triggers set_theme, and the page flips.

Actions vs. generative UI

useFrontendTool covers both ends of a spectrum, and you pick per tool:

You provide	What it does
`handler`	Runs code in the browser (a frontend action)
`render`	Draws UI for the tool call (generative UI)

You can supply either one, or both. A handler with a render alongside it performs the action and draws UI while it runs. For render-only tools that just display the result of an agent action, see Tool-Based Generative UI.

Tool-Based Generative UI

Map agent tool calls to React components.

Human-in-the-Loop

Gate agent actions behind user approval.

Shared State

Keep agent state and your app UI in two-way sync.

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Telemetry

Frontend Actions

Let the agent act on the app

Build a frontend action

Actions vs. generative UI

Tool-Based Generative UI

Human-in-the-Loop

Shared State

​Let the agent act on the app

​Build a frontend action

​Actions vs. generative UI

​Related

Tool-Based Generative UI

Human-in-the-Loop

Shared State

Let the agent act on the app

Build a frontend action

Actions vs. generative UI

Related